The most basic form of the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence states that the category of flat vector bundles on a suitable space is equivalent to the category of local systems.
While Hilbert's 21st problem has a negative solution, there is a generalized sheaf-theoretical formulation which leads to an equivalence of categories discovered by Mebkhout and a bit later also by Kashiwara.
Let be a smooth algebraic variety over . Let be the derived category of algebraic D-modules on (i.e. quasi-coherent -modules with flat connection), and let be the full subcategory of consisting of objects whose cohomology sheaves are regular holonomic algebraic D-modules. Let be the derived category of sheaves of -vector spaces on , and let be the full subcategory of consisting of objects whose cohomology sheaves are Zariski constructible.
Let be an algebraic D-module and let . The assignment determines a functor
(Mebkhout, Kashiwara, Beilinson-Bernstein)
The restriction of the functor gives an equivalence of categories
The Riemann-Hilbert correspondence allows one to translate the automorphic side of the geometric Langlands correspondence from the language of perverse sheaves (which in turn is motivated by functions on , via Grothendieck’s functions-to-sheaves dictionary) to the language of D-modules (see Frenkel05, 3.4 to 3.6).
Bhargav Bhatt and Jacob Lurie have formulated a version of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for finite type schemes over a complete and algebraically closed extension of the p-adic numbers:
(Bhatt21, Theorem 5.1)
Let be a complete and algebraically closed extension of and let be of finite type over . Then there is a natural exact functor
This functor commutes with proper pushforward, intertwines Verdier duality and Grothendieck duality in the almost category, and interacts well with the perverse t-structure.
Bhatt and Lurie also have a version with p-adic, instead of p-torsion, coefficients (this time the schemes have to be smooth proper varieties over a finite extension of the p-adic numbers).
(Bhatt21, Theorem 5.4)
Let be a finite extension of and let be a smooth proper variety over . Then there is a natural exact functor
where is a full subcategory of spanned by “weakly Hodge-Tate sheaves” and is a suitable derived category of -modules equipped with a “good” filtration. This functor commutes with proper pushforward, intertwines Verdier duality and Grothendieck duality in the almost category, and interacts well with the perverse t-structure.
The construction of Bhatt and Lurie is as follows. Let be a discretely-valued p-adic field and let be a smooth projective variety over with its associated rigid analytic space. Let be a constructible sheaf over . We say that is weakly de Rham if the stalk is a weakly de Rham Galois representation. More generally if is an object of the derived category we say that is weakly de Rham if its cohomology sheaves are weakly de Rham.
Let be the projection and let be the de Rham period sheaf on . If is weakly de Rham, we define
Lucas Mann has also formulated a version of the p-torsion Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for small v-stacks as part of his proof of mod p Poincare duality for rigid analytic spaces. This version is stated in terms of -modules, which in his context are simultaneously solid modules and almost modules over together with an action of the Frobenius , and overconvergent etale -sheaves (the corresponding derived -categories are denoted by and respectively).
(Mann22, Theorem 1.2.7, Theorem 3.9.23)
Let be a small v-stack over with pseudouniformizer such that . Then the functor
is fully faithful and induces an equivalence of categories of perfect objects on both sides.
Alain Connes, Matilde Marcolli Noncommutative Geometry, Quantum Fields and Motives
Wikipedia, Riemann-Hilbert correspondence
Z. Mebkhout, Le formalisme des six opérations de Grothendieck pour les -modules cohérents, Travaux en Cours 35. Hermann, Paris, 1989. x+254 pp. MR90m:32026
Andrea D'Agnolo?, Masaki Kashiwara, Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for holonomic D-modules, arxiv/1311.2374
The classical Riemann-Hilbert correspondence establishes an equivalence between the triangulated category of regular holonomic D-modules and that of constructible sheaves. In this paper, we prove a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for holonomic D-modules which are not necessarily regular. The construction of our target category is based on the theory of ind-sheaves by Kashiwara-Schapira and influenced by Tamarkin’s work. Among the main ingredients of our proof is the description of the structure of flat meromorphic connections due to Mochizuki and Kedlaya.
Generalization to flat infinity-connections via the dg-nerve and iterated integrals is discussed in
Another approach to higher Riemann-Hilbert
The relation to the geometric Langlands correspondence is discussed in
An analogue in p-adic geometry is discussed in
Jacob Lurie, A Riemann–Hilbert Correspondence in p-adic Geometry, Felix Klein Lectures 2022.
Bhargav Bhatt, Algebraic geometry in mixed characteristic, arXiv:2112.12010
Lucas Mann, A p-Adic 6-Functor Formalism in Rigid-Analytic Geometry [arXiv:2206.02022]
Extension to the irregular case
Last revised on August 9, 2024 at 23:08:12. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.